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Electromotive force of metals and alloys
measured in 3.5% NaCl with respect to a calomel electrode.

NAME OF ALLOY   COMPOSITION                          REMARK          EMK (V)
                                                                     measured
Platinum        100Pt                                     -             0.17
Carbon P5N      100C                                      -             0.15
Gold            100Au                                     -             0.15
Silcoro 60      60Au, 20Cu, 20Ag                        braze           0.1
Rhenium         100Re                                     -             0.08
Carbon P692     100C                                      -             0.06
Palniro 7       70Au, 8Pd, 25Ni                         braze           0.05
Rhodium         100Rh                                     -             0.05
Tantalum        100Ta                                     -             0.04
Nioro           82Au, 18Ni                              braze           0.04
Palniro 1       50Au, 25Pd, 25Ni                        braze           0.01
Nicoro          35Au, 62Cu, 3Ni                         braze           0
Silver          100Ag                                     -             -0.03
Premabraze      Ag, Cu, In                              braze           -0.05
Premabr. 90-10  Ag, Cu                                  braze           -0.06
AM350           17Cr,4.2Ni,2.7Mo, rem Fe                passive         -0.06
A286            15Cr,25Ni,Mo,Ti,V, rem Fe               passive         -0.07
AM355           15.5Cr,4.3Ni,2.7Mo, rem Fe              passive         -0.07
Carpenter 20    20Cr,28.5Ni,2.25Mo,3.25Cu, rem Fe       passive         -0.07
AISI 201        8.7Mn,18Cr,5Ni, rem Fe                  passive         -0.07
16-15-6         16Cr,14Ni,7.5Mn, 6Mo,N, rem Fe          passive         -0.07
AISI 316        18Cr,13Ni,2Mo,rem Fe                    passive         -0.07
AISI 321        18Cr,10Ni,0.4Ti, rem Fe                 passive         -0.08
AISI 347        18Cr,12Ni,+Nb,rem Fe                    passive         -0.08
AISI 303        18Cr, 9Ni, S, rem Fe                    passive         -0.08
AISI 301        17Cr,7Ni, rem Fe                        passive         -0.09
AISI 302        18Cr,8Ni, rem Fe                        passive         -0.09
AISI 304        19Cr,10Ni, rem Fe                       passive         -0.1
AISI 308 ELC    20Cr,11Ni, rem Fe                       passive         -0.1
Hastelloy C     17Mo,15Cr, 5W, 6Fe, rem Ni              passive         -0.1
Nichrome        80Ni, 20Cr                              passive         -0.1
Monel 60        65Ni, 0.2Fe, 3.5Mn, 2Ti, 27Cu             -             -0.1
RA330           25Ni, 19Cr, 1.25Si, rem Fe              passive         -0.1
Inconel 92      71Ni,16Cr, 7Fe, 3Ti, 2Mn                passive         -0.11
Braze 250       25Ag, 52.5Cu, 22.5Zn                      -             -0.11
CDA 655         3.5Si, rem Cu                             -             -0.11
17-7 PH st.st.  17Cr, 7Ni,1.1Al                         passive         -0.11
17-4 PH st.st   17Cr, 4Ni, 4Cu                          passive         -0.11
AISI 309        23Cr,13Ni                               passive         -0.11
Titanium        100Ti                                     -             -0.12
Monel 400       32Cu, 2.5Fe, 2Mn, rem Ni                  -             -0.12
CDA 442         71Cu,1Sn, 38Zn                            -             -0.12
CDA 715         70Cu, 30Ni                                -             -0.12
Molybdenum      100Mo                                     -             -0.12
Sterling Silver 10Cu, rem Ag                             -             -0.15
Mp35N           Ni, 35Co, 20Cr, 10Mo                    passive         -0.15
NARloy A        3Ag, rem Cu                             braze           -0.16
Incusil 10      63Ag, 27Cu, 10In                        braze           -0.16
CDA 510         96Cu, 4Sn, P                              -             -0.16
AISI 410        0.15C,12Cr, rem Fe                      passive         -0.17
AISI 416        0.15C,13Cr, rem Fe                      passive         -0.17
AISI 420        0.35C,13Cr, rem Fe                      passive         -0.17
AISI 430        0.12C,17Cr, rem Fe                      passive         -0.17
AISI 430F       0.12C,17Cr, P, S, rem Fe                passive         -0.17
AISI 431        0.2C,16Cr, 2Ni, rem Fe                  passive         -0.17
AISI 434        0.12C,17Cr,1Mo, rem Fe                  passive         -0.17
Waspaloy        59Ni, 19.5Cr, 13.5Co, 4.2Mo, Ti, Al     passive         -0.17
Bismuth         100Bi                                     -             -0.17
Incusil 15      61.5Ag, 24Cu, 14.5In                      -             -0.18
Nickel          100Ni                                   passive         -0.18
Monel 67        67.5Cu, 31Ni, 0.3Ti, 0.5Fe                -             -0.18
Copper Phosph.  4.5P, rem Cu                              -             -0.18
Copper Phosph.  8.5P, rem Cu                              -             -0.19
Copper Phosph.  10.5P, rem Cu                             -             -0.2
Copper          100Cu                                     -             -0.2
CDA 110         100Cu                                   etp             -0.2
CDA 172         2Be, rem Cu                               -             -0.2
Gold Germanium  12Ge, rem Au                            solder          -0.2
Copper Gold     25Au, rem Cu                              -             -0.2
AISI 440C       7Cr, 0.5Mo, rem Fe                      passive         -0.2
Nispan C        42Ni, 48.5Fe, 2.4Ti, rem Cr             passive         -0.22
AISI 440B       7Cr, 0.5Mo, rem Fe                      passive         -0.23
Ti 13V-11Cr-3Al 13V,11Cr,3Al , rem Ti                    -             -0.23
Ti-8Mn          8Mn, rem Ti                               -             -0.23
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn    5Al, 2.5Sn, rem Ti                        -             -0.23
Ti-6Al-6V-6Sn   6Al, 6V, 6Sn, rem Ti                      -             -0.24
Ti6Al4V         6Al, 4V, rem Ti                           -             -0.24
Silicon         100Si                                     -             -0.24
MAR-M-246 D.S.  19Cr,10Co,10W, 5.5Al, Mo,Ta               -             -0.24
Tungsten carb.  94WC, 6Co                                 -             -0.25
Braze 630       63Ag, 28.5Cu, 6Sn, 2.5Ni                braze           -0.25
CDA 240         80Cu, 20Zn                                -             -0.25
CDA 220         90Cu,10Zn                                 -             -0.25
CDA 752         65Cu,18Ni,17Zn                            -             -0.25
CDA 280         60Cu, 40Zn                                -             -0.26
CDA 464         60Cu,1Sn, 39Zn                            -             -0.26
K-Monel K-500   66.5Ni, 1Fe, 3Al, 29.5Cu                  -             -0.26
Haynes 25       20Cr, 15W, 10Ni, 1Fe, rem Co              -             -0.26
Uranium         8Mo, 92U                                  -             -0.26
Bearium B10     70Cu, 20Pb, rem Sn                      casting         -0.26
CDA 270         63Cu, 37Zn                                -             -0.26
CDA 298         52Cu, 48Zn                                -             -0.27
Haynes 188      22Cr, 22Ni,15W, rem Co                    -             -0.27
Nichrome 80/20  80Ni, 20Cr                              active          -0.27
CDA 521         7Sn, rem Cu                               -             -0.27
CuAl10Fe        10Al, 3Fe, rem Cu                         -             -0.27
ARMCO 21-6-9    22Cr, 12Ni, rem Fe                      Nitronic 50     -0.27
Hastelloy C     17Cr, 17Mo, 6Fe, 5W, rem Ni             active          -0.27
Inconel 600     76Ni, 8Fe, 15.5Cr                       active          -0.27
Inconel 92      71Ni, 16Cr, 7Fe, 3Ti, 2Mn, rem Ni       active          -0.28
Elgiloy         40Co, 20Cr,15Ni, 7Mo, 15Fe                -             -0.28
Incoloy 800     32Ni, 44.5Fe, 20.5Cr                      -             -0.28
HastelloyC-276  2Co,15Cr, 16Mo, 4W, 5Fe                 active          -0.28
Hastelloy W     5Cr, 5Fe, 24Mo, rem Ni                  active          -0.28
Inconel 718     52.5Ni, 18.5Fe, 19Cr, 3Mo, Nb           active          -0.28
Inconel 625     61Ni, 2.5Fe, 21.5Cr. 9Mo,Nb,T           active          -0.29
CuAl12          12Al, rem Cu                              -             -0.29
Inconel 717C    12Cr, 4Mo, 8Co, 8Al, rem Ni             active          -0.29
Niobium         1Zr, rem Nb                               -             -0.3
Tungsten        100W                                      -             -0.3
Nickel          100Ni                                   active          -0.3
Rodar (Kovar)   29Ni, 17Co, rem Fe                        -             -0.3
Hastelloy B     28Mo, 5Fe, 62Ni                         active          -0.3
Inco Weld A     70Ni, 2Mn, 9Fe, 15Cr, Nb, Mo            active          -0.3
Rene 41         19Cr, 11Co,10Mo 3Ti, rem Ni             active          -0.3
Stellite 21     25Co, 27Cr, 5.5Mo, 2.8Ni, rem Co        powder          -0.31
18Ni Mar.250    7.5Co, 18Ni, 5Mo, rem Fe           heat treated         -0.31
Chromium        100Cr                                   active          -0.31
Cobalt          100Co                                     -             -0.32
Inconel X-750   73Ni,7Fe, 15.5Cr, Ti, Nb, Ta            active          -0.32
Astroloy        15Cr, 5Mo, 3.5Ti, 4Al, rem Ni             -             -0.33
Nitrinol        45Ti, 55Ni                                -             -0.33
RA330           19Cr, 35Ni, 5Mn, rem Fe                   -             -0.33
18Ni Mar.250    7.5Co, 18Ni, 5Mo, rem Fe                annealed        -0.34
Udimet D 979    15Cr, 45Ni, 27Fe, 4Mo, 4W, Ti, Al       active          -0.36
Bearium B4      70Cu, 26Pb, rem Sn                      casting         -0.37
Invar 36        36Ni, rem Fe                              -             -0.38
Cerrotric       42Sn, rem Bi                              -             -0.39
SnAg4C3.5       4Ag, 3.5C, rem Sn                       solder          -0.42
Sn95Ag4.9In0.1  4.9Ag, 0.1In, 95Sn                      solder          -0.43
Incoloy 903     38Ni, 15Co, 3Nb, 41Fe                     -             -0.44
SnAg4           4Ag, 96Sn                               solder          -0.46
SnAg5           5Ag, 95Sn                               solder          -0.46
Tin             100Sn                                     -             -0.46
Sn10Sb          10Sb, 90Sn                              solder          -0.47
Indalloy no.10  75Pb, 25In                              solder          -0.48
Indalloy no.7   50Pb, 50In                              solder          -0.49
AISI 316        18Cr,13Ni, 2Mo, rem Fe                  active          -0.49
Steel 9310      0.1C, 1.2Cr, 3.2Ni, 0.1V, rem Fe        annealed        -0.49
Lead            100Pb                                     -             -0.5
Vascojet 1000   0.4C, 5Cr, Mo, V                        heat treated    -0.51
Vascojet 1000   0.4C, 5Cr, Mo,V                         annealed        -0.51
AISI 347        18Cr,12Ni, Nb, rem Fe                   active          -0.51
Sn63            63Sn, 37Pb                              solder          -0.51
Sn60            60Sn, 40Pb                              solder          -0.51
Sn62Ag2         62Sn, 36Pb, 2Ag                         solder          -0.51
Sn59Sb2         59Sn, 39Pb, 2Sb                         solder          -0.51
Sn60Sb5         60Sn, 35Pb, 5Sb                         solder          -0.51
Sn60Sb10        60Sn, 30Pb,10Sb                         solder          -0.51
Sn60Pb39.5      39.5Pb, 60Sn                            solder          -0.51
PbSn5Ag1.5      5Sn, 1.5Ag, rem Pb                      solder          -0.51
Nitralloy135Mod 1.6Cr, 1.1Al, 10.6Mn, rem Fe              -             -0.52
Steel 4130      0.3C, 0.82Cr,1.8Ni,0.41Mo,0.07V,rem Fe  heat treated    -0.52
AISI 304        19Cr, 10Ni, rem Fe                      active          -0.53
Steel 4135      0.35C, 1Cr, 0.2Mo, rem Fe               heat treated    -0.53
Steel 4340      0.4C, 0.8Cr, 1.8Ni, 0.25Mo, rem Fe      annealed        -0.53
Steel 4340      0.4C, 0.8Cr, 1.8Ni, 0.25Mo, rem Fe      heat treated    -0.54
Steel 1095      0.95C, 0.4Mn, 0.04P, 0.05S, rem Fe      annealed        -0.55
Steel 4130      0.3C, 0.82Cr,1.8Ni,0.41Mo,0.07V,rem Fe  annealed        -0.55
Steel 4135      0.35C, 1Cr, 0.2Mo, rem Fe               annealed        -0.55
Steel 4140      0.4C, 1Cr, 0.2Mo, rem Fe                annealed        -0.55
AISI 420        0.35C,13Cr, rem Fe                      active          -0.56
AISI 434        0.12C,17Cr,1Mo, rem Fe                  active          -0.56
AA 2219-T3,T4   6.3Cu,0.3Mn,0.18Zr,0.1V,0.06Ti,rem Al     -             -0.56
Steel 1010      0.1C, 0.4Mn, 0.04P, 0.05S, rem Fe       annealed        -0.57
Steel 1018      0.18C, 0.8Mn, 0.04P, 0.05S, rem Fe      annealed        -0.57
Steel 1020      0.2C, 0.4Mn, 0.04P, 0.05S, rem Fe       annealed        -0.57
Steel Hy Tuf    0.25C, 1.3Mn, 1.5Si,0.3Cr,1.8Ni,rem Fe    -             -0.59
AISI 440B       17Cr, 0.5Mo, rem Fe                     active          -0.59
AA 2014-T4      4.5Cu,1Fe,1Si,0.15Ti, rem Al              -             -0.61
AA 2017-T4      4Cu,1Fe,1Mg,0.1Cr, rem Al                 -             -0.61
AA 2024-T3,T4   4.5Cu,1.5Mg, 0.6Mn, rem Al                -             -0.62
AA B295.0-T6    2.5Si,1.2Fe, 4.5Cu, rem Al              casting         -0.63
AA 295.0-T6     1Si,1Fe, 4.5Cu, rem Al                  casting         -0.64
In75Pb25        75in, 25Pb                              solder          -0.64
Indalloy no.1   50In, 50Sn                              solder          -0.65
Cadmium         100Cd                   chromate conversion coating     -0.65
AA 380.0-F      8.5Si, 2Fe, 3.5Cu, rem Al               casting         -0.66
AA 319.0-F      6Si,1Fe, 3.5Cu, rem Al                  casting         -0.66
AA 333.0-F      9Si,1Fe, 3.5Cu, rem Al                  casting         -0.66
Indium          100In                                     -             -0.67
AA 208.0-F      3Si,1.2Fe,4Cu, rem Al                   casting         -0.68
AA 850.0-T4     0.7Si, 0.7Fe,1Cu,1Ni, rem Al            casting         -0.69
AA 2014-T6      4.5Cu,1Fe,1Si, 0.15Ti, rem Al             -             -0.69
Cadmium         100Cd                                     -             -0.7
AA 355.0-T6     5Si, 0.6Fe,1.3Cu, rem Al                casting         -0.71
AA 2024-T81     4.5Cu,1.5Mg, 0.6Mn, rem Al                -             -0.71
AA 2219-T6,T8   6.3Cu,0.3Mn,0.18Zr,0.1V,0.06Ti,rem Al     -             -0.72
AA 6061-T4      1Mg, 0.6Si, 0.25Cu, 0.2Cr, rem Al         -             -0.72
AA 413.0        12Si, 2Fe,1Cu, rem Al                   casting         -0.73
AA B443.0       5Si, 0.8Fe, rem Al                      casting         -0.73
AA 356.0-T6     7Si, 0.6Fe, rem Al                      casting         -0.73
AA 360.0        9.5Si, 2Fe, 0.6Cu, rem Al               casting         -0.73
Tens-50         Si, Mg, Be, N, rem Al                   cast sheet      -0.74
AA 4043         12Si,1Cu,1Mg, rem Al                      -             -0.74
AA 6151         1Mg,1Fe, 0.25Zn, 0.15Ti, rem Al           -             -0.74
AA 7075-T6      5.6Zn, 2.5Mg,1.6Cu, 0.3Cr, rem Al         -             -0.74
AA 7178-T6      6.8Zn, 3Mg, 2Cu, 0.2Ti, rem Al            -             -0.74
AA 1160         98.4Al                                    -             -0.75
Aluminium       100Al                                     -             -0.75
AA 5356         5Zn, 0.1Ti, 0.1Cr, rem Al                 -             -0.75
AA 5554         5Mg,1Mn, 0.25Zn, 0.2Cr, rem Al            -             -0.75
AA 1050         99.5Al                                    -             -0.75
Al 3Li          3Li, rem Al                               -             -0.75
AA 1100         99.0Al                                    -             -0.75
AA 3003         1.2Mn, rem Al                             -             -0.75
AA 6151         1Mg,1Fe, 0.8Mn, 0.25Zn, 0.15Ti, rem Al    -             -0.75
AA 6053         1.3Mg, 0.5Si, 0.35Cr, rem Al              -             -0.75
AA 6061-T6      1Mg, 0.6Si, 0.25Cu, 0.2Cr, rem Al         -             -0.75
AA 6063         0.7Mg, 0.4Si, rem Al                      -             -0.75
Alclad 2014     4.5Cu,1Fe,1Si, 0.15Ti, rem Al           Alclad          -0.75
Alclad 2024     4.5Cu,1.5Mg , 0.1Cr, rem Al             Alclad          -0.75
AA 3004         1.5Mn,1Mg, rem Al                         -             -0.76
AA 1060         99.6Al                                    -             -0.76
AA 5050         1.5Mg, rem Al                             -             -0.76
AA 7075-T73     5.6Zn, 2.5Mg,1.6Cu, 0.3Cr, rem Al         -             -0.76
AA 5052-H38     2.5Mg, 0.25Cr, rem Al                     -             -0.77
AA 5086         4Mg, 0.5Mn, rem Al                        -             -0.77
AA 5154         3.5Mg, 0.25Cr, rem Al                     -             -0.78
AA 5454         2.8Mg,1Mn, 0.2Ti, 0.1Cu, 0.2Cr, rem Al    -             -0.78
AA 4047         12Si, rem Al                              -             -0.78
Al-C            Al, C                                     -             -0.78
Uranium         100U                                      -             -0.78
AA 5056         5.2Mg, 0.1Mn, 0.1Cr, rem Al               -             -0.79
AA 7079-T6      4.3Zn, 3.3Mg, 0.6Cu, 0.2Mn, 0.2Cr, rem Al-             -0.79
AA 5456         5Mg, 0.7Mn, 0.15Cu, 0.15Cr, rem Al        -             -0.79
AA 5083         4.5Mg, 0.7Mn, rem Al                      -             -0.79
AA 514          4Mg, rem Al                             casting         -0.79
AA 518          8Mg, 0.8Fe, 0.05Ni, 0.05Sn, rem Al      casting         -0.79
AA 520.0-T4     10Mg, 0.2Cu, 0.2Ti, rem Al              casting         -0.84
X7005-T6,T63    4.8Zn,1.5Mg, 0.2Cr, rem Al                -             -0.85
AA 7039-T6,T63  4Zn, 3Mg, 0.2Cr, rem Al                   -             -0.85
AA 7072         1Zn, 0.5Si, 0.3Cr, rem Al                 -             -0.87
AA A712         6.5Zn, 0.8Mg, rem Al                    casting         -0.9
Beryllium       100Be                                     -             -0.97
Zinc            100Zn                                     -             -1.03
Manganese       100Mn                                     -             -1.21
Erbium          100Er                                     -             -1.34
Electron        4Zn, 0.7Zr, rem Mg                        -             -1.55
ZW3             3Zn, 0.5Zr, rem Mg                        -             -1.57
AZ61            6Al,1Zn, 0.3Mn, rem Mg                    -             -1.58
AZ31B           3Al,1Zn, rem Mg                           -             -1.6
Magnesium       100Mg                                     -             -1.6
HK31A           0.7Zr, 3Th, rem Mg                        -             -1.61